tugas softskill

Nama: ellya fitri utaminingsih

Npm: 12211413

Kelas: 1ea06

Direct to indirect speech

a. A simple present tense becomes simple past tense.

• Direct   : Ratna said, “I am very busy now.”
• Indirect: Ratna said that he was very busy then.

b. A present continuous tense becomes a past continuous.

• Direct   : He said, “ my mother is writing letter.”
• Indirect: He said that his mother was writing letter.

c. A present perfect becomes a past perfect.

• Direct   : He said, “I have passed the examination.”
• Indirect: he said that he had passed the examination.

d. As a rule the simple past tense in the Direct Speech becomes the past perfect tense in Indirect Speech.

• Direct   : She said, “Her horse died in the night.”
• Indirect: She said that her  horse had died in the night.

e. The tenses will not change if the statement is still relevant or if it is a universal truth. We can often choose whether to keep The original tenses or change them.

• Direct: “I know her address”, said John.
• Indirect: John said that he knows/knew her address

f.  If the reporting verb is in present tense, the tenses of the Direct Speech do not change. For example,      we may rewrite the above examples, putting the reporting verb in the present tense.

• Direct : He says, “ my mother is cooking the food.”
• Indirect: He says that his mother is cooking the food.

g. The pronouns of the Direct Speech are changed where necessary, so that their relations with the reporter and his hearer, Rather than with the original speaker are indicated.

• Direct: I said to you, “I do not believe you.”
• Indirect: I said to you that I do not believe you.

h. Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing distance.

• Direct: He said, “I am glad to be here this evening.”
• Indirect: he said that he was glad to be there that evening.

i. How the questions used in the Direct Speech are changed into Indirect Speech?

• Direct: The Policemen said to us, “Where are you going?”
• Indirect: The Policemen asked us where we were going.

j. How the Commands and the Requests in the Direct Speeches are changed when the Direct Speeches are changed into indirect Speeches?

• Direct: He said to Mary, “Please wait here till I return.”
• Indirect: he requested Mary to wait there till he returned.